QUANTIFYING CHEMISTRY: APPLICATIONS OF UV SPECTROSCOPY IN ANALYTICAL DETERMINATIONS

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most widely used analytical tools for the quantitative determination of chemical substances due to its simplicity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. Based on the principle of light absorption in the UV region (200–400 nm), this technique enables precise measurement of analyte concentrations through Beer–Lambert’s law. The present study/review highlights the quantitative applications of UV spectroscopy in pharmaceutical, environmental, and biochemical analyses. Specific focus is given to its role in drug assay, impurity profiling, estimation of biomolecules, and detection of pollutants in water and food samples. UV spectroscopic methods offer advantages such as rapid analysis, minimal sample preparation, and reproducibility, making them suitable for both routine quality control and advanced research applications. Limitations, including interferences from matrix components, spectral overlap, and lower sensitivity compared to advanced chromatographic or mass spectrometric techniques, are also discussed. Overall, UV spectroscopy remains an indispensable, accessible, and versatile quantitative tool in modern analytical science