DRUG UTILIZATION TRENDS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in which hypertension is both a common comorbidity and a major risk factor for disease progression. Rational prescribing of antihypertensive medications is critical to slowing CKD progression, preventing cardiovascular complications, and improving patient outcomes. The present observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital to analyze the prescribing patterns and utilization trends of antihypertensive agents among CKD patients. Data were collected from medical records and patient case sheets, including demographic details, stage of CKD, associated comorbidities, and prescribed antihypertensive drugs. The study evaluated the distribution of drug classes such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, and diuretics. WHO prescribing indicators were used to assess rationality. Findings revealed that CCBs and ARBs were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensives, often used in combination therapy for optimal blood pressure control. ACEIs were less frequently prescribed, particularly in advanced CKD stages due to risk of hyperkalemia. Polypharmacy was observed in a significant proportion of patients, reflecting the complexity of managing comorbid hypertension in CKD. The overall prescription pattern aligned with clinical guidelines, though occasional deviations and irrational prescribing were noted.