EYELID DERMATITIS: A MULTIFACTORIAL DERMATITIS

Abstract

Dermatitis means inflammation of the skin that is very frequently used as synonymous with eczema. On the basis of aetiology, it is classified as exogenous and endogenous dermatitis/eczema. There are overlaps in etiological factors for both exogenous and endogenous dermatitis. A detailed history, meticulous cutaneous examination, and specific investigations play a significant role in diagnosing the aetiology. Patients with dermatitis/eczema typically report symptoms like pruritus, burning, and irritation at specific sites. Local cutaneous findings align with the clinical stage. Eyelid dermatitis is the most common dermatological complaint and is often cosmetically very concerning for many patients, especially very young aged female patients, as it is a very concerning and distressing cosmetic problem. As the use of cosmetic agents in and around the eye is quite common in the everyday world like various creams, ointments, eyedrops. Identifying the cause is the most important factor in treating the management. The management of the eyelid dermatitis differs from the eczema/dermatitis on the other anatomical sites because skin of eyelids is thinnest leading to increased penetration of allergens and is a cosmetically concerned site. It is very much essential to timely diagnose and manage the eyelid dermatitis to avoid complications. Here we tried to compile the possible causes varying from exogenous exposure to endogenous causes, its pathophysiology and treatment in detail to meticulously understand and treat for the same. The evaluation of patients presenting with eyelid dermatitis remains a relatively complex strategy but is very rewarding when great results are achieved and improves patients’ quality of life significantly.