PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF ADVERSE EFFECTS DUE TO TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID USE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used for various dermatological conditions, but their misuse is a growing concern in India, affecting both patients and healthcare providers. Misuse can result from self-medication, inappropriate prescriptions, or prolonged application, leading to a range of adverse effects that compromise skin health. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and risk factors associated with topical corticosteroid misuse in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from patients reporting at least one adverse effect attributable to TCs. A total of 40 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Demographic variables, type of corticosteroid used, duration and frequency of application, and observed adverse effects were documented and analyzed. The study population included 25 men (62.5%) and 15 women (37.5%), with the majority of patients aged 21–30 years (32.5%). Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% was the most commonly used steroid (40%). Most patients (75%) applied topical corticosteroids twice daily or less, yet the duration of use exceeded one month in a significant number of cases. The predominant adverse effects observed were tinea incognito (35%) and acneiform eruptions (17.5%), while pruritus was the most frequent indication of misuse. Notably, 95% of patients were unaware of the potential side effects of these medications. The findings highlight the critical need to increase public awareness regarding the risks associated with long-term or inappropriate topical corticosteroid use. They also underscore the importance of educating healthcare professionals and pharmacists to prevent misuse and improve patient safety