PRESERVING PROTECTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF VACCINE STORAGE AND SUPPLY IN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES

Abstract

Vaccines are highly sensitive biological products that require strict adherence to cold chain management to maintain their safety, potency, and efficacy. Community pharmacies, being the most accessible healthcare facilities, play an increasingly important role in vaccine distribution and immunization services. However, gaps in storage infrastructure and handling practices may compromise vaccine quality, undermining public health efforts. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the availability and storage practices of vaccines in community pharmacies. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, direct observation, and interviews with pharmacy personnel. The study evaluated aspects such as cold chain equipment, temperature monitoring, power backup facilities, staff knowledge, and vaccine availability. Findings revealed that while most pharmacies stocked commonly used vaccines, significant variation existed in cold chain maintenance, with some pharmacies lacking continuous temperature monitoring devices and backup power supply. Knowledge gaps among pharmacists regarding vaccine handling and storage guidelines were also noted. The results highlight the urgent need for standardized protocols, pharmacist training, and infrastructure support to ensure optimal vaccine storage and supply in community settings.