HEALING BEYOND THE VIRUS: A REVIEW OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES IN COVID-19 TREATMENT

Abstract

The global outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has challenged healthcare systems worldwide and demanded rapid exploration of diverse therapeutic strategies. Since its emergence, researchers and clinicians have pursued a range of treatment modalities, including antiviral agents, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma therapy, and supportive care interventions. In addition, complementary approaches such as nutritional supplementation, preventive measures, and vaccination programs have played a crucial role in managing disease outcomes. This review summarizes the evolving therapeutic landscape of COVID-19 management, focusing on pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Evidence suggests that while certain antivirals and corticosteroids reduce mortality in severe cases, emerging therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and novel antivirals continue to reshape treatment protocols. Preventive strategies, vaccination, and supportive care remain essential pillars in reducing disease burden. The review highlights the importance of integrated, evidence-based approaches that combine medical, preventive, and supportive measures to manage COVID-19 effectively and prepare for future pandemics.