ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE: A LITERATURE-BASED ANALYSIS

Abstract

Homeopathic medicine is widely used across continents, with millions of individuals accessing homeopathic remedies for acute and chronic conditions. Although these products are often promoted as inherently safe due to their high dilutions, emerging evidence demonstrates that both direct and indirect harms can occur. This extended literature-based analysis reviews adverse events (AEs) reported in systematic reviews, case reports, observational studies, regulatory advisories, and public-health assessments. Findings indicate four categories of harm: (1) product-related toxicities, (2) allergic and idiosyncratic reactions, (3) quality-control and contamination-related events, and (4) indirect harms arising from delayed or foregone conventional medical treatment. Limitations in incidence estimation persist due to inconsistent reporting, publication bias, and absence of denominator data. Strengthening pharmacovigilance, regulatory oversight, and clinical counselling is essential for ensuring patient safety.