BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Abstract

The buccal drug delivery system is a sophisticated and promising method for delivering medications for both local and systemic therapeutic effects via the buccal mucosa, the inner lining of the cheek. It provides an alternative to traditional oral drug delivery by lessening the effects of hepatic first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation for appropriate medications. This strategy may increase patient compliance, provide regulated medication release, improve drug bioavailability, and give a practical, non-invasive way to administer drugs. The buccal mucosa's morphology and physiology, drug absorption mechanisms, and the contribution of mucoadhesion to better drug delivery and retention are the main topics of this review. The interaction between mucoadhesive formulations and the mucosal surface is explained by a variety of mucoadhesion theories, such as electronic, adsorption, diffusion, wetting, mechanical, and fracture theories. The significance of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic mucoadhesive polymers in creating successful buccal formulations is also highlighted in the review. The preparation techniques and formulation elements of various dosage forms, including buccal tablets, films, patches, gels, and wafers, are explained. Additionally, the functions of various excipients and permeation enhancers in enhancing drug transport via the buccal mucosa are investigated. Mucoadhesive strength, swelling index, surface pH, drug content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeability, stability, and other crucial evaluation parameters are also covered. Recent developments in nanotechnology, fastdissolving films, nanocarriers, and three-dimensional printing have opened up new possibilities for designing patient-friendly dosage forms and enhancing medication delivery efficacy. However, during formulation creation, issues such salivary secretion, mucosal barrier characteristics, limited absorption area, formulation acceptability, and possible irritation must be taken into account. As a whole, The buccal drug delivery system is an important pharmaceutical strategy that may enhance patient convenience, medication bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. The creation of buccal drug delivery formulations that are safer, more effective, and clinically useful may be facilitated by more research and technical developments.