DEVELOPMENT OF A LIPOSOME-BASED IN SITU GEL FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE OF METRONIDAZOLE IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bacterial infection and progressive destruction of the periodontal tissues. Conventional systemic therapy with metronidazole is often associated with limited bioavailability at the infection site and potential systemic side effects. The present study aimed to develop and characterize an innovative liposome-based in situ gel formulation for localized and sustained delivery of metronidazole in periodontal therapy. Metronidazole-loaded liposomes were prepared using thin-film hydration and optimized for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and stability. The optimized liposomal formulation was then incorporated into a thermosensitive in situ gel matrix designed to undergo sol–gel transition at physiological temperature. The prepared in situ gel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, gelation temperature, drug release kinetics, and antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Results demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, uniform nanosized liposomes, and sustained drug release over an extended period compared to conventional formulations. The liposomal in situ gel exhibited excellent mucoadhesive strength and significant antimicrobial activity, confirming its potential for site-specific drug delivery in periodontal pockets. This novel formulation provides a promising strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes, minimize systemic exposure, and enhance patient compliance in periodontitis management.