NANOBUBBLES DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Abstract

Because of their distinct physicochemical characteristics, small size, high stability, large surface area, and ultrasound responsiveness, nanobubbles (NBs) are becoming a promising nanocarrier in the field of novel drug delivery systems. They are composed of a gas-filled core encased in a stabilizing shell composed of lipids, polymers, proteins, or surfactants, and have drawn a lot of attention due to their potential to improve targeted drug delivery, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and reduce systemic toxicity. Mechanical stirring, agitation, emulsification, sonication, laser ablation, microfluidic techniques, hydrodynamic methods, acoustic cavitation, and membrane-based methods are some of the techniques used to prepare them. These systems are widely used in wound healing, cancer treatment, gene transfer, oxygen administration, biomedical imaging, and blood–brain barrier penetration. Additionally, therapeutic drugs can be delivered in a controlled and site-specific manner thanks to ultrasound-triggered drug release. Recent developments have concentrated on multifunctional and theranostic nanobubbles that integrate therapeutic and diagnostic imaging capabilities on a single platform. Physical instability, limited drugloading capacity, manufacturing obstacles, safety concerns, and regulatory barriers persist despite their intriguing potential. Therefore, in order to improve their stability, safety, and clinical usefulness, more research and technology developments are needed. For the creation of sophisticated, targeted, and regulated medication delivery systems, nanobubbles offer a viable method.